Ethnographic Film
- How to Discover Another Taiwan
Through Independent Documentary
   


“Something’s Just Not Right”

Ever get the feeling when flicking through Taiwan television that you’re not seeing the full picture? That what is being focused on isn’t the real Taiwan? ... Endless talk-shows gossiping about mundane urban topics as experienced by ‘Taipei city residents,’ repetitive game and fashion shows - and when it comes to news - ‘reporters’ with frantic, fake female voices (the Taiwan ‘doll voice’ phenomena) who cannot possibly be taken seriously, as they hype-up and sensationalize fatal road crashes, murders and other daily tragedies.

Fortunately, there are avenues in which both Taiwanese and the international audience can learn about ‘another Taiwan,’ - a Taiwan that seldom gets access to mainstream commercial media. The resulting viewing experience is authentic, organic and often richly rewarding. All one need do, is visit some of the alternative cinemas that are scattered across Taipei - from Ximen to Neihu - and be on the lookout for documentary films (usually with English subtitles) made by independent and often indigenous local directors. Here, we meet three such people: Hung-Ching Tseng, Futuru Tsai and Kevin Lee, find out about their latest offerings, and also get a behind the scenes close-up of Taiwan independent documentary film.

Hung-Ching Tseng (pictured right)
Tseng, a member of the Hakka community, recently premiered his new documentary titled ‘Uncle A-Li and his Tobacco.’ The story centers around the life of a Tobacco farmer and his many challenges - from natural disasters to man-made changes, such as increased regulations on smoking cigarettes that, while improve public health, affect the livelihood of farmers that for decades have known nothing but the tobacco leaf harvest.

Unlike other documentaries (particularity those seen on ‘Discovery’ and ‘National Geographic’) that usually use studio voice-over as a mediator for telling the stories of others, Tseng took great care to allow the main characters (including their friends) to tell their own story. In documentary theory, this is referred to as the ‘fly-on-the-wall’ or ‘observational mode,’ and is no doubt the most appropriate for ethnographic film documentary. However, getting real-life character’s to tell their story means that this mode usually takes many more months of location work and as such, a huge amount of film stock and editing time. Also, in the three years it took to make, other story events were ‘naturally’ introduced that threatened to overtake or unbalance the original backdrop of the story, as Tseng explains -

“I had always known of the strong ramifications of WTO membership and how it affected Taiwan tobacco growing; it has been like a ghost hovering over the life of tobacco farmers for a long time . . . But during production, we had Typhoon Morakot, causing the biggest disaster and loss of harvest that farmers had ever seen in their lives . . . So from a storytelling viewpoint, it becomes a big job to weave all these events into an overall account of the challenges that farmers face. For example, resulting mudslides (from floods) were a big problem that began after the Japanese colonial government cleared so much hillside land of trees. These new story events lead to other events, and we go deeper and deeper into history.”

Tseng’s documentary was partly funded by Hakka TV, where he is permanently dispatched as a daily rounds/field cameraman responsible for several regional areas. Although, in typical Taiwan industrial relations practice, there is a lack of demarcation between what are considered work duties and ‘extra duties’ . . . For example, his salary could never have paid for dozens of un-rostered 4:00am mornings, recording under rain and stars, in order to obtain essential scenes that convey the laborious life of his subject.


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When asked how he and his expensive equipment survived absolutely torrential typhoon conditions, Tseng laughed and said, “I put up an umbrella - a very strong one.” Essential and standard video equipment has little protection from natural elements; the waterproof camera jackets often inhibit the operator’s ability to reach important controls that adjust light settings and also, in Taiwan’s humidity, tend to cause too much condensation. What this means is that there is a constant physical and mental struggle to protect equipment, while aiming to catch that all important story element. Then there is the physical and emotional toll on the human body. Tseng could have just as easily not taken on this challenging and hugely time-consuming side project and been content with his regular monthly roster and salary. But like so many people in the documentary world, for him, this is clearly a labor of love . . .

“It’s impossible to prepare for every possible event that could happen when making such documentaries . . . You have to be prepared to go with the day-to-day situations, like following a stream or current . . . So I am adjusting my course all the time. However, it is possible to get closer and closer to what becomes of obvious importance . . . In the first year, I filmed a little of many things, spoke to people off-camera, read about the tobacco industry, learned what the long-term issues were . . . In the second year, I knew exactly what I needed to get on record. The third year was putting the skeleton of the story together, getting additional footage and this eventually leads to the final editing process.”

Tseng says that during production, not one of his subjects ever expressed a desire to get any personal message across to the external audience . . . He says that Taiwan farmers accept that they are “just farmers” and were willing to be filmed living their regular lives; nobody he says “wanted to be a star” . . . The premiere was in a local village in Meinong - in a tobacco shed. In attendance to witness three years of filming were 500 locals, including all the people featured in the documentary. All agreed that the production depicted how life really was, and remains. Like all producer/cameramen/directors interviewed, Tseng feels as if he is preserving important history about people, and making recordings that can act as evidence for both policy and research . . . Although the WTO price regulations were a backdrop included for current analysis, he says the future value of the documentary will be its ethnographic role, being a detailed recording of relationships between people and how they - as a group - get though “financial hardship, grief, suffering and so on” . . . Tseng says this documentary is like “a record of many moments in time.”

Futuru Tsai (pictured left)
Tsai, a member of the Amis community, recently premiered his new documentary, ‘The New Flood’ . . . Whereas the work of Tseng makes reference to Typhoon Morakot, Tsai’s film reveals the connection that many indigenous people made between Morakot and a popular folk legend . . . The legend, from hundreds of years ago, tells of a big flood that pushed people out of their village. Evacuating to a hillside, the people stood stranded for weeks. A crab, who had swum in with the flood, spoke with the people, learning the details of their plight. The crab finally said that he knew what was stopping the water from draining away: an eel that the crab would kill, in return for a reward from the people (What got cinema audiences laughing was that the reward had to be some pubic hair from a young maiden). The reward was agreed to, and the crab attacked the eel, pulling out its guts, at which point the water slowly drained away and the people returned to their land, and the remains of their village.

In The New Flood, which took two years to make, Tsai takes parts of the flood legend, connecting them to the progression and effects of Morakot, including rebuilding and other stages of recovery. It was obviously a difficult task combining an old work of fiction with a modern day disaster, and the film does not use any real narration. Instead cultural beliefs, feelings and modern events are told by retelling the legend against the pictures of Morakot. But, as Tsai explains, the documentary nearly didn’t happen, due to his typhoon volunteer commitments -



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